水草情迷

最新災情報告:
一條花鼠瞓低
一條馬甲雙眼凸晒(仲未死)
一條大四間肚脹昏迷(人道毀滅)
災情告急, 請提供援助~~~!!!

水質極度污染，有冇額外氣泵？打氣，養水，今晚即刻換半缸水。

死咁多魚又真係幾慘既

如果係我既話反缸好過了

乜都洗洗完唔好落魚住,睇定D先

祝你平安無事

不嬲有打氣,
水質仍然好清澈噃,
是否唔關事, 一於要換水?

check NH4

_________________
友朋知所剔，何患少交遊。

15兄, 請教 NH4 係咩,
請指教, 唔該~

有時我地話水質污染, 唔係淨指肉眼看到的污濁, 而係指水中某些物質含量高於理想水平.
如15兄提到的NH4, NO2, NO3. etc.
另外, 如長期冇換水, 以至水中有病源體, 病毒等, 都屬水質污染吧.
p.s : 你d魚魚雙眼凸晒, 會唔會係水溫過高??

( 有錯請指. )

Information from JBL

NH4
Ammonium constitutes the first nitrogenous protein breakdown stage which nitrosomonas bacteria first break down into nitrite and which nitrobacter bacteria later break down into nitrate. Although ammonium (NH4) is non-toxic, the recommended content in the water should not be exceeded because fish are otherwise inhibited in their ammonium release into the water. If the pH values exceed 6, some of the non-toxic ammonium gets converted to ammonia (NH3) which is highly toxic. The further the pH cvalue exceeds 6, the more ammonium is converted to ammonia. You'll find the precise proportions in every JBL Ammonium Test Set or in the following table (spefify path Pfad). No traces of ammonium are normally found in well-functioning aquariums and ponds, unless the bacterial balance has been severey disturbed (medicines, filters cleaned too often) or if the bacteria have had insufficient time to develop (new aquarium / pond). As ammonium is a preliminary stage to the toxic nitrite, it is good practice to reduce the ammonium level. As mentioned above, an excessive ammonium content leads to ammonium secretion problems among many fish. An excessively high ammonium level also means that, if pH increases (e.g. after a water change), a large portion will be converted to toxic ammonia which directly leads to poisoning and fish death. High ammonium values and, of course, high ammonia values therefore need to be reduced immediately.

NO2
Nitrite (NO2) is a dangerous poison which leads to internal suffocation. Therefore the development of nitrates must be prevented and/or nitrates must be removed without fail. Nitrite is formed during the decomposition of ammonium/ammonia and is broken down further to nitrate by bacteria. If this bacterial decomposition process is disrupted, nitrite may become concentrated in the water, leading to the death of the fish. In the anaerobic (oxygen-free) decomposition of nitrate (NO3), too, nitrite is formed as an intermediate stage, which is broken down further to nitrogen gas and CO2. For this reason filter materials which break down nitrate should not be used in large quantities in a single dose (such as JBL BioNitrat EX). In a healthy aquarium and garden pond there is normally no trace of nitrite. Increased nitrite levels always indicate water pollution (e.g. from over-feeding, overstocking with fish) or a disruption in the nitrogen cycle.

NO3
In the course of the decomposition of nitrogen under aerobic conditions, nitrate is formed from nitrite by nitrobacter bacteria and broken down in oxygen-free conditions (anaerobic) to nitrogen gas (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Unlike nitrite, nitrate itself is non-toxic, but stunts the growth of fish (particularly young fish) and the growth of many species of plants is hampered by high nitrate levels. The main problem with nitrate is that it stimulates the growth of algae. Nitrate levels should therefore never excede the recommended levels.

_________________
友朋知所剔，何患少交遊。

好Pro, 才疏學淺, 好難明~~
無論如何, Thx U ~~~