1. Those worms are HARMLESS, coz as you say, they are just the food of your fishes... But, be noticed, having this kind of worm someone time means that the water condition is not so good, there is excess nutrient for the worms to grow, try to feed less food to your fish. Feed them once only a day, the amount of feeding should be completely finished by the fishes in 2 minutes.
2. Those are 黑毛藻 , quite a big problem for aquarium, try to find some fishes that will eat this kind of alage, like SAE(飛狐) , they can be easily found in 發記。And, the breakout of 黑毛藻 is usually due to high nitrate(NO3) or phospate(PO4), try to reduce or even stop your supply of fertilizer(水草肥), this way is usually good to the control of 黑毛藻.
3. 陽性水草 = Plants that need more LIGHT and NUTRIENT, like : 鹿角台
陰性水草 = Plants need less LIGHT and NUTRIENT. Like : 鐵皇冠
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